| بِسۡمِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ |
There are 2 categories as the letter 
can either be:ht
- Tafkheem (rough / thick) ﺗَﻔْﺨِﻴْﻢ
- Tarqeeq (soft / thin) ﺗَﺮْﻗِﻴْﻖ
Tafkheem
To produce this sound the back of the tongue rises in the mouth. This elevation of the tongue produces a thick or heavy sound.
There are 5 categories for when the produces a thick, round sound:
When it carries a fathah or dammah.
Example:
| (91:13) | رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ |
| (91:14) | فَعَقَرُوهَا |
When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a fathah or dammah;
Example :
| (91:6) | وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَىٰهَا |
| (91:14) | فَعَقَرُوهَا |
2 When it carries a sukoon 
and the letter before it carries a fathah 
or dammah 
| (91:6) | وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَىٰهَا |
| (102:2) | حَتَّىٰ زُرْتُمُ ٱلْمَقَابِرَ |
When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a kasrah 
, and the letter after the 
is a rough letter (ista’ala) that doesn’t carry a kasrah.
| (78:21) | كَانَتْ مِرْصَادًاۙ |
- When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a ‘helping’ kasra (not an original kasra)
| (89:28) | ٱرْجِعِىٓ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ |
- When it carries a sukoon as a result of wanting to stop (therefore not an original sukoon), and the letter before it is not a ya
and carries a sukoon , and the letter before that has either a fathah or dammah
Example :
| 103 : 2 | وَالۡعَصۡرِۙ |
| 103 : 2 | خُسۡرٍۙ |
| Tarqeeq |
To produce this sound, the back of the tongue lowers so that a flat sound is produced.
There are 4 categories for when the produces a thin sound:
- When it carries a kasrah
Example :
| 79:36 | وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيْمُ |
| 80:37 | لِكُلِّ ٱمْرِئٍۢ مِّنْهُمْ |
2. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries an original kasra in the same word and a letter of ista’ala (thick) doesn’t follow it
| 79 : 17 | ٱذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ |
| When it carries a sukoon (as a result of stopping, either in the middle or end of an ayah) and the letter before it is a (elongated or otherwise) and the carries a sukoon |
Example :
| 100 : 11 | يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّخَبِيرٌۢ |
| 85 : 11 | ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْكَبِيرُ |
| 4. When it carries a sukoon (due to stopping either in the middle or end of an ayah), and the letter before it is a letter of istifaal (thin) which carries a sukoon , and the letter before this carries a kasrah |
Example :
| 89 : 5 | قَسَمٌۭ لِّذِى حِجْرٍ |
| Click ‘here‘ to view practice exercises for the rules of Hamza tul Qat’a |