| oبِسۡمِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ |
Of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet,
14 of the letters are known as solar (sun) letters. These are: |
| ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن |
| ء ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م ه و ي |
| the Arabic letters ال means ‘The‘ in English |
Example:
The 1st letter of the word that follows ال would determine the pronunciation depending on whether it is a sun or moon letter
| SOLAR (SUN) LETTERS (shamsiyyah) ﺷﻤﺴﻴﻪ |
EXAMPLE 1:
Requirements :
- Presence of ال
- followed by a sun letter
- the letter alif of the ال is assimilated with the sun letter
- the letter laam of the ال is ignored
- the sun letter carries a shaddah
This is pronounced as ‘ash-shams’ and not ‘al-shams’
If you want to join the preceding word onto the ال word, then you ignore the ال completely.
EXAMPLE 2
Requirements :
Presence ofال
followed by a sun letter
and preceded by another word
the last letter of this word joins straight onto the sun letter
so the ال is ignored completely.
The letter م joins straight onto the sun letter and the ٱل is ignored completely
This is pronounced ‘yaw-mid-deen‘
| Examples of Solar Letters |
| Definite article attached to word |
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| هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ الظَّالِمِ |
| Definite article attached to word |
| Definite article preceded by letter / word |
| Definite article attached to word |
| Definite article preceded by letter / word |
Lunar (MOON) Letters (Qamariyyah)ﻗﻤﺮﻳﻪ
EXAMPLE 1
Requirements :
- Presence of ال
- followed by a moon letter
Effect :
| Definite article attached to word |
| Definite article preceded by letter / word |
| Definite article attached to word |
| Definite article preceded by letter / word |
| Definite article attached to word |
| Definite article preceded by letter / word |
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| Definite article preceded by letter / word |
