Madd caused / followed by a sukoon or shaddah

بِسۡمِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

MADD ‘AARID LI SUKOON

This occurs when there is a sukoon

placed on a letter by the reader due to stopping in the recitation (whether in the middle or end of an ayah)

Requirement :

Natural madd letter
Followed by a sukoon (as the reader has chosen to stop on it)

Although this will not be actually visible in the Qur’an, but is implied as the reader has chosen to stop on it.

Effect :

Elongate 2, 4 or 6 counts
Preferred 4 or 6

Examples :

89:11

95:6

Click ‘here‘ to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd ‘Aarid Li
Sukoon

Madd Leen

This occurs when a word contains a dipthong, and the reader chooses to stop on it (whether in the middle or end of an ayah), therefore placing a sukoon on the last letter

Requirement :

Madd letter
Followed by a sukoon (and the reader has chosen to stop on it)

Although this will not be actually visible in the Qur’an, but is implied as the reader has chosen to stop on it.

Effect :

Elongate 2, 4 or 6 counts
Preferred is 4

Examples :

106:1

106:4

Madd Laazim

Requirement :

Natural madd letter
Followed by sukoon or shaddah

Effect :

Shaddah is included as it represents a doubled letter: the 1st letter is saakin; and the 2nd is mutaharrik
Elongate 6 counts
Laazim means ‘obligatory’, so it must be elongated for 6 counts

Madd Laazim is of two types : Kalimee (word) and Harfee (letter)

Madd Laazim Kalimee

The obligatory (laazim) madd that is present in a word (kalimee)

Requirement :

Natural madd letter
Followed by sukoon or shaddah
In a word

Heavy : When a SHADDAH () follows the madd letter in a word

Examples :

1:7

80:33

Light : when a SUKOON () follows the madd letter in a word

Example

10:51

Click ‘here‘ to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd Laazim
Kalimee

Madd Laazim Harfee

The obligatory (laazim) madd that is present in a letter (harfee)

This occurs in some of the letters that are present at the beginning of certain surahs
These surahs begin with some independent letters from the Arabic alphabet, which are attached to each other like ordinary words. The individual letters have to be pronounced by reading out their respective names.

E.g.

The length of each letters’ prolongation will be determined by the Madd rule inherent within the spelling of it
The difference of the length of its prolongation is determined by the number of letters that are used to spell the name of that particular letter
So these madd can contain either three, two or one letter

The three lettered Madd laazim harfee

Requirement :

These letters are the ones that are spelt with 3 letters and their middle letters are either madd or leen letters

Effect :

Elongate 6 counts
These letters are:

نٓ

قٓ

سٓ

صٓ

لٓ

مٓ

عٓ

Further Notes :

The letter that has a dipthong (leen) is the spelling of the word ()
- This occurs in the 2 surahs
  - Surah Maryam (19)
  - Surah Ash-shura (42)
- According to the Shaatibiyyah way it is lengthened 4 or 6 counts
- Imam Shatabi said ‘the has 2 possible pronunciations and the longer is preferred’ – 6 counts
- However, according to the way of Tayyaba, it would be only 2 counts

Heavy : when there is a letter of Idghaam after one of the 3 lettered words

EXAMPLE 1

(Surah 2)

In this example, we can see :

The letter laam () is a 3 lettered word
The spelling of it is
The last letter is a meem which carries a sukoon on the last letter
The following 3 lettered word is the letter meem spelt
So we now have followed by (with a vowel), hence the need to do idghaam (2 counts ghunnah)

EXAMPLE 2

(Surah 26)

In this example, we can see :

The letter seen is a 3 lettered word
The spelling of it is
The last letter is a nuun which carries a sukoon
The following 3 lettered word is the letter meem spelt
So we now have a followed by (with a vowel), hence the need to idghaam (2 counts ghunnah)