Madd caused / followed by other things
Madd Sila
This occurs when the possessive pronoun 
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when attached to the previous letter), which denotes the 3rd person singular masculine, falls between 2 letters that carry a vowel.
Two types: Major (ﮐﺒﺮى) and Minor (ﺻﻐﺮى)
MAJOR
Requirements :
- The possessive pronoun
- Followed by hamzah (
) mutaharrik
Effect :
- Elongate 2, 4 or 5 counts
- Preferred 4 or 5
Further Notes :
- Preferred elongation is 4 or 5 to illustrate that it is not the natural madd of just 2 counts
- Those who have no or little knowledge of the Arabic language may not understand the usage of the possessive pronoun which basically refers to the third person singular masculine. A tiny
/
will be present to indicate this rule
The presence of a squiggly line indicates that it is preferred that the reader elongates it for more than 2 counts
- If the carries a dammah (
), will be present
- If the carries a kasra (
), will be present
Examples :
| (90:7) |
|
| (104:3) |
 |
 |
| (83:12) | |
 |
| (12:54) | |
 |
MINOR
Requirements :
- The possessive pronoun
- Followed by any letter other than hamzah ()
Effect :
- Elongate 2 counts only
Further Notes :
- A tiny
/
will be present , but this time there will be no squiggly line as its elongation is for only 2 counts, which is the same as the natural madd
Examples
| ||
| (92:18) | ||
 |
| (92:19) | |
 |
| ||
| (100:4) | ||
 |
| (100:5) | |
 |
| EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE OF MADD SILA |
There are 4 instances in the Qur’an where the rules of MADD SILA will not apply.
- Surah Al Furqan (25:69)
This Madd follows the same principal as a normal madd; the difference being that the madd letter is a substitute for what was originally a hamzah.
Requirements :
- It occurs when the letter preceding it is also hamzah
Effect :
- Elongate 2 counts
Further Notes :
The original form of these words was but a long vowel replaced the second hamzah for ease in pronunciation.
Examples:
| إِإْﻣﺎن | – | ||
 | |||
| (3:193) |
| أَأْدم | – | ||
 | |||
| (2:31) |
An alif which carries 2 fathahs  ,is called fathahtain, and is written as اًRequirements : This madd occurs when the reader stops on the fathahtain ( )(For further information on stopping at tanween, refer to ‘Rules of Waqf’)Effect :I nstead of pronouncing nunnation, the reader stops as though there is a natural madd with a   So it is like taking one of the off and being left with 1 fathah and an alif i.e. Natural maddElongate 2 countsFurther Notes : This applies whether stopping in the middle or end of an ayah However, if the letter is a ta marbutta (  ) , then the rule of madd ‘ewad will not apply. Instead, it is pronounced like carrying a  , in which case the sifa of hems (continuation of breath) will be appliedE.g |
| ﺟَﻨَّﺔً |
- This occurs in only 3 words in the Qur’an, each word appearing in 2 different places as the table below shows
- Elongate 6 counts
| (Surah:Verse) | Extract from Verse | |
| (10:59) (27:59) |  | |
| (6:143) (6:144) |  | |
| (10:51) (10:90) |  |
Requirements :
- When there is a
carrying a 
and - Followed by ‘Yaa’ of elongation
Effect :
- This will tighten the kasra () on the
- Elongate 2 counts
Examples
| (Surah:Verse) | Extract from Verse |
| (4:86) |  |
| (2:61) |  |
í the
replaces the 2nd Yaa
| Click ‘here‘to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd Tamkeen |